At the CO28 in 2023, as the result of the first global stocktake (GST1), Parties agreed to rapidly reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), limiting the average global temperature rise not to exceed 1.5ºC through, among others, transitioning away from fossil fuels in the energy system in a just, orderly, and equitable manner (Decision 1/CMA.5, 28(d)). The decision signals the global call to gradually end fossil fuels—not only coal, but also oil and gas—in the energy systems. At the COP30 in Belém, COP30 Presidency announced that the Presidency would lead the development of a global roadmap for transitioning away from fossil fuels. At the same time, the first international conference on transitioning away from fossil fuels was announced to be co-hosted by Colombia and the Netherlands, in April 2026.
While the agenda is gaining traction after COP30, it is important to understand how transitioning away from fossil fuels is translated and understood in every country, considering the diverse socio-economic implications that the transition presents to each country. This paper aims to provide an overview of how fossil fuels transition is currently being carried out in Indonesia, how the country can leverage existing programs and policies.
